A traditional linear economy follows a “take, make and dispose” model. Natural resources are extracted from the environment, manufactured into products, and then discarded after use. This system places heavy pressure on natural resources and contributes significantly to the climate crisis.
To address this, Scotland is exploring a circular economy, which aims to keep resources in use for as long as possible. Instead of quickly discarding products, materials are designed for durability, repair, reuse, remanufacturing and recycling.
This reduces the demand for raw materials and maximises the value gained from existing resources.
A circular economy also focuses on eliminating waste and pollution by designing products and systems that minimise environmental harm and protect human health.
The Scottish Government’s Draft Circular Economy Strategy: Consultation Paper (2025) highlights that moving towards a circular economy can support sustainable economic growth, strengthen supply chains, create jobs and encourage innovation while addressing climate change and biodiversity loss.
Globally, the United Nations promotes sustainability through its Sustainable Development Goals. Goal 12 focuses on responsible consumption and production.
Achieving a circular economy in Scotland will require collaboration between government, businesses and individuals to reduce, reuse and recycle resources effectively.
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